Brain-Computer Interface definition, Wolpaw et al, 2002

"A BCI is a communication system in which messages or commands that an individual sends to the external world do not pass through the brain's normal output pathways of peripheral nerves and muscles."

From the paper:
Jonathan R. Wolpaw, Niels Birbaumer, Dennis J. McFarland, Gert Pfurtscheller, Theresa M. Vaughan. 2002. "Brain-computer interfaces for communication and control". Clinical Neurophysiology. Ireland: Elsevier. Vol. 113, pp 767-791.

This paper has been cited by more than 1000 papers.

Jonathan R. Wolpaw is a Neuroscientist from the Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York and from the State University of New York, USA.

Niels Birbaumer is a Neurobiologist from the Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany and from the Department of Psychophysiology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.

Dennis J. McFarland and Theresa M. Vaughan are also from the Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, New York, USA.

Gert Pfurtscheller is from the Department of Medical Informatics, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Graz, Graz, Austria. Now in TU Graz, they have BCI Laboratory.

Vocabularies:

• BCI = Brain Computer Interface
• Padova = Padua